Gender-based violence (GBV) is a critical global issue rooted in deeply entrenched societal structures, cultural beliefs, and economic disparities. In Kenya, GBV affects both women and men, though women and girls are more frequently impacted. With nearly half of women aged 15 to 49 having faced some form of violence, Kenya has taken several steps to address the issue through policy, awareness, and support for survivors. However, challenges remain, especially in deeply rural areas and among vulnerable communities.
Several factors drive GBV in Kenya:
GBV in Kenya is driven by a mix of poverty, social norms, and economic inequality. Limited access to education and high poverty rates increases the vulnerability of women and girls, as financial dependence often traps individuals in abusive relationships. https://winniespurehealth.co.ke/2022/11/stop-gender-based-violence/Patriarchal norms in some communities further contribute to this issue by perpetuating rigid gender roles, with societal pressure to conform or stay silent. Cultural practices like early marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM) continue to endanger young girls despite awareness efforts and ongoing legislative reforms.
Economic challenges also play a role in Kenya’s GBV landscape. Those with fewer financial resources have fewer options for leaving abusive relationships and accessing support systems. This economic dependency often compounds the fear of losing stability or facing social stigma, discouraging many survivors from seeking help.
Kenya has made significant strides through legislative reforms aimed at protecting women and reducing GBV. The 2006 Sexual Offences Act was one of the first laws addressing GBV comprehensively, providing strict punishments for offenders and aiming to deter sexual violence. In 2010, the Kenyan Constitution was amended to include strong protections for women, calling for gender equality, condemning discrimination, and mandating protection from violence.
Laws and policies to fight Gender Based Violence:
Recent policy efforts include the National Policy on the Eradication of Female Genital Mutilation, launched in 2019 with the goal of eliminating FGM within a few years. Additionally, Kenya is part of the African Union’s Agenda 2063, which includes objectives to end violence against women and girls. These policies showcase the government’s growing commitment, though enforcement remains challenging in some areas.
Organizations are tackling GBV by supporting survivors and raising awareness:
Various organizations play an essential role in supporting survivors of GBV and advocating for safer communities. The Gender Violence Recovery Centre (GVRC), for example, provides critical services such as medical care and counselling for survivors. Similarly, the Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) offers legal aid, education on women’s rights, and training for community leaders to reduce violence through awareness. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
Public awareness campaigns, such as Kenya’s annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, engage communities and mobilize efforts to combat violence. This campaign, supported by local and international partners, encourages open discussions on GBV and promotes reporting abuse cases.
Despite legislative progress, underreporting of GBV cases is still a major challenge, as many survivors fear stigma or lack confidence in the legal process. The need for resources in rural areas and more training for law enforcement are also critical. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, increasing economic stress and limiting access to support services for many at-risk individuals.
In addressing GBV, a comprehensive approach that includes education, community support, and accessible legal resources is essential. Kenya’s path forward requires a collaboration of government, NGOs, and local communities to continue breaking down cultural barriers, empowering survivors, and ensuring that everyone can live free from violence.
